Packing

A mod on disk is a folder of source files; a mod the game loads is a PBO. Packing is the step that turns one into the other — it bundles your addon’s files into a single archive, optionally binarizes them, and (when needed) signs the result so servers will accept it. This page covers what a PBO is, the path-prefix file that makes it resolvable, packing with the official tools, and signing.

If your environment isn’t set up yet, do Workbench setup first — packing assumes the P: drive and a source folder in place.

What a PBO is

PBO stands for Packed Bank Object. It’s a flat archive holding one addon’s entire file tree — a config.cpp (or binarized config.bin) at the root, plus scripts/, models (.p3d), materials (.rvmat), textures (.paa), sounds, and UI layouts. It is not compressed; think of it as a container that staples the folder into one file the engine can mount.

One mod is one or more PBOs. A common split is a shared/client PBO plus a server-only PBO — see Project workflow.

Binarize vs pack-only

Packing can optionally binarize your content — compiling text into the engine’s optimized runtime forms: config.cpp → config.bin, and models from editable MLOD to runtime ODOL (the MLOD vs ODOL distinction). Scripts are never binarized — .c files always ship as text and compile when the game loads them. So a script-only mod can be packed pack-only, with binarization off; an asset mod almost always wants binarization on.

Binarizing is one-way — keep your sources

Binarization is a compile step with no supported route back, and de-binarizing someone else’s assets is against the DayZ EULA. Keep your editable MLOD .p3d and layered textures in source control; the PBO only ever holds the binarized copy. See Pipeline & formats.

The $PBOPREFIX$ path prefix

Inside a PBO, files are addressed by a virtual path, and that path is set by a tiny text file in your addon’s source root named exactly $PBOPREFIX$ (no extension). It holds one line: the addon’s namespace.

Wardog\ExampleMod

That single line is load-bearing. With the prefix above, a texture stored in the PBO at data\barrel_co.paa is addressed engine-wide as Wardog\ExampleMod\data\barrel_co.paa. Every path string in your configs, RVMATs, and scripts is resolved against that virtual root — so the prefix is the contract between “where the file sits in the PBO” and “what name the rest of the game uses to find it.”

A wrong prefix fails quietly

If $PBOPREFIX$ is missing, misspelled, or doesn’t match the paths your configs expect, the engine looks in the wrong place and simply doesn’t find the file — a grey model, an untextured face, an addon that won’t load, and no obvious error. Make the prefix unique to your mod (a vendor/author segment plus the mod name is the usual shape) so it never collides with another addon in the load order.

Conventions for the file: one line, no trailing newline, no surrounding spaces. When a packer binarizes with a prefix argument it writes this file for you, but authoring it yourself keeps it explicit and under version control.

Packing with the official tools

The official packer in DayZ Tools is Addon Builder. The general flow:

1. Point it at your source project folder — the folder that is the addon (the one holding $PBOPREFIX$ and config.cpp). Not bare P:, or it tries to scan the whole drive and crawls.
2. Set the destination (your packed-output folder, e.g. P:\Mods\@ExampleMod\addons).
3. Choose binarize on or off (off for a script-only addon, on for assets).
4. Optionally set a signing key so it signs while it packs (see below).
5. Build. The result is a .pbo (plus a .bisign if you signed).

Addon Builder runs as a GUI and from the command line, so the same operation can be scripted into a one-command build — see Project workflow.

Tool labels shift between versions

The exact button and field names (“path to project folder”, “destination”, the binarize toggle) have moved around across DayZ Tools releases. If a label here doesn’t match yours, look for the nearest equivalent — pointing it at the addon folder and choosing binarize are the two things that matter.

Lowercase your packed files

The packed addons folder and the files inside must be lowercase. Windows won’t care, but Linux DayZ servers refuse mixed-case PBOs — and you’ll only find out when someone runs your mod on a real server. This is the same rule called out in Workbench setup.

Signing

Servers that enforce signature checks won’t load a client mod unless it’s signed with a key they trust. Signing has two halves — a key pair you make once, and a signature you produce per PBO.

The key pair

DayZ Tools’ DS Utils generates a key pair (via DSCreateKey, or the DSUtils GUI):

• .biprivatekey — the private key. Used to sign. Secret — never distribute it, and never commit it to source control. Whoever holds it can sign as you.
• .bikey — the matching public key. Distributed freely; server owners drop it into their server’s keys/ folder so they can verify your mod.

You make the key pair once and reuse it for everything you publish — keeping the same key means servers that already trust you don’t have to add a new one.

Signing a PBO

Signing a PBO with the private key produces a .bisign file that ships next to the PBO (e.g. ExampleMod.pbo + ExampleMod.pbo.<keyname>.bisign). You can sign during packing (Addon Builder’s signing option) or afterward with DSSignFile. On the server side, serverDZ.cfg verifySignatures = 2; makes the server check that each client PBO’s .bisign matches a .bikey it holds — a mismatch or a missing signature gets the player kicked.

When to sign, and when not to

This trips people up, so be precise about it:

Mod kind	Loaded with	Signature-checked?	Sign it?
Client / shared mod	-mod=	Yes, on verifying servers	Yes
Server-only mod	-servermod=	No — never sent to clients	No

Sign anything clients download. A client or shared mod on a server running verifySignatures needs a valid .bisign, and the server needs your .bikey. Server-only mods don’t need signing — they run only on the server, never travel to clients, and aren’t signature-checked. Local single-player testing doesn’t strictly need signing either, though signing during development surfaces key/packaging problems early.

Verifying a packed mod loads

Before you ship, confirm the PBO actually loads:

• Launch with your mod. -mod=@ExampleMod (and -servermod=@ExampleMod_Server for a server PBO). A working mod appears in the in-game mod list and its content shows up.
• Read the RPT. If something’s wrong, the client/server .RPT log in the profile directory is the first place to look — missing-file and config errors land there.
• Watch for the “works unpacked, breaks packed” trap. A mod that ran fine under file patching can still fail once packed — usually a path-case mismatch or a wrong $PBOPREFIX$. Always do a final packed test with file patching off.

Related

• File patching — iterate without repacking every change.
• Publishing — get the signed, packed mod onto the Workshop.
• Project workflow — layout, source control, and scripting the build.
• Pipeline & formats — what binarization does to your assets.